Quick answer
The plastic recycling codes, numbers 1 through 7 inside the chasing arrows symbol, identify the resin type used. For baby products, codes 2 (HDPE), 4 (LDPE), and 5 (PP) are generally considered safer choices for items like bottles and toys, while codes 3 (PVC), 6 (PS), and 7 (often PC) should be approached with caution due to potential chemical concerns.
When shopping for baby gear, from bottles to bath toys, you’ll often see a small triangle made of arrows with a number inside—the plastic recycling code. Learning to decode these numbers is a key step for parents who want to make informed choices about the materials that come into contact with their child. This guide will help you understand what each code means for plastic recycling codes baby products safe use, highlighting which plastics are generally preferred and which are best avoided based on common safety guidance. For a broader look at material choices, see our overview of sustainable product materials.
What Are Plastic Resin Identification Codes?
The Resin Identification Code (RIC) system, the numbers 1 through 7 inside the chasing arrows symbol, was created to streamline recycling. It identifies the primary type of plastic resin a product is made from, not its recyclability in your local program or its safety. While not a safety rating, these codes can give you clues about the material’s properties and the chemicals it may contain. It’s important to remember that safety depends on the product’s intended use, its condition, and how it’s manufactured. For certified safety assurances, look for seals from independent organizations, which we explain in our guide to baby product materials and certifications.
Decoding the Numbers: From 1 to 7
Here is a breakdown of each plastic resin identification code, its common uses in baby products, and general safety considerations.
| Code & Name | Common Baby Product Uses | Safety & Considerations |
|---|---|---|
| 1 – PET or PETE (Polyethylene Terephthalate) |
Single-use water bottles, some food jars. | Designed for single use. Can harbor bacteria if reused. Generally considered safe for intended single use but not typically recommended for reusable baby bottles or cups. |
| 2 – HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene) |
Milk jugs, shampoo bottles, some sturdy toys, detergent bottles. | Considered one of the safer plastics. It is durable, resistant to chemicals, and does not leach easily. A common choice for non-food items and some food containers. |
| 3 – PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) |
Some bath toys, inflatables, packaging, shower curtains. | Often contains phthalates (plasticizers) and may contain lead or cadmium as stabilizers. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends avoiding PVC in food containers and children’s products due to potential chemical exposure risks. |
| 4 – LDPE (Low-Density Polyethylene) |
Squeezable food pouches, cling wrap, some soft toys and lids. | Considered a safer plastic for food contact. It is flexible and durable. Ensure any food pouches are used as directed and discarded after use to prevent bacterial growth. |
| 5 – PP (Polypropylene) |
Baby bottles, sippy cups, yogurt containers, medicine bottles, many toddler plates and utensils. | Widely regarded as a safe plastic for food and drink. It is heat-resistant, making it a common material for dishwasher-safe and microwave-safe (if labeled) baby feeding items. |
| 6 – PS (Polystyrene) |
Disposable cups, plates, take-out containers, foam packaging (Styrofoam®). | Can leach styrene, a possible human carcinogen, especially when heated. Brittle and can break into small pieces. Not recommended for baby food or drink use. |
| 7 – OTHER (Includes Polycarbonate, PLA, etc.) |
Some reusable water bottles, infant formula containers, large water jugs. | A catch-all category. Polycarbonate (often labeled PC) may contain BPA. Many manufacturers now produce “BPA-free” polycarbonate. PLA is a plant-based, compostable plastic. Always check the specific material. |
Plastics to Be Cautious About for Baby Items
When evaluating plastic recycling codes baby products safe for your family, some codes warrant extra scrutiny. Based on guidance from health and environmental agencies, parents often choose to minimize their child’s exposure to plastics with codes 3, 6, and 7 (when it indicates polycarbonate).
- PVC (Code 3): The additives used to soften PVC, known as phthalates, are endocrine disruptors of concern. The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission has banned certain phthalates in children’s toys and childcare articles. It’s prudent to avoid PVC, especially in items babies might mouth, like bath toys.
- Polystyrene (Code 6): This plastic is rarely used for dedicated baby products but may appear in packaging or disposable items. It’s best to avoid using it for food or drinks, as heat can increase chemical migration.
- Polycarbonate (Code 7, often PC): Historically, polycarbonate contained bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical. While many products are now marketed as “BPA-free,” some parents prefer to choose alternatives like polypropylene (Code 5), stainless steel, or glass for food contact items. You can learn more about the benefits of one alternative in our article on stainless steel for baby bottles and cups.
Safety
Never use plastic baby bottles, cups, or food containers that are cracked, scratched, or excessively worn. Damage can harbor bacteria and increase the potential for chemical leaching. Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions for cleaning and use, especially regarding temperature limits for dishwashing, microwaving, or sterilizing. For sleep surfaces, always follow the American Academy of Pediatrics safe sleep guidelines: use a firm, flat mattress in a safety-approved crib, bassinet, or play yard with only a fitted sheet. Pillows, bumpers, positioners, loose blankets, and inclined sleepers are not recommended.
Making Safer Choices: A Checklist
What to look for
- Check the code: Look for the recycling symbol and prefer codes 2 (HDPE), 4 (LDPE), and 5 (PP) for items that will contact food or your baby’s mouth.
- Prioritize durability: Choose well-constructed items that resist cracking and clouding. Damaged plastic should be discarded.
- Look beyond plastic: Consider materials like silicone (which does not have a resin code), stainless steel, glass, or certified untreated wood for certain items. Explore our guide on choosing safe wooden toys.
- Follow use instructions: Heed manufacturer warnings about heating, freezing, and cleaning. Not all plastics labeled “microwave-safe” are recommended for heating baby food or formula.
- Simplify and reduce: The safest exposure is reduced exposure. Use fewer plastic items where practical, and focus on essentials made from safer materials.
FAQ: Plastic Codes and Baby Safety
Is #5 plastic always safe for baby bottles?
Polypropylene (#5) is widely used and considered one of the safer plastics for food contact due to its heat resistance and stability. However, “safe” depends on proper use. Always check that the product is intended for this use by the manufacturer, is in good condition, and is cleaned according to instructions. For added peace of mind, some parents opt for glass or stainless steel bottles.
What does “BPA-Free” on #7 plastic mean?
“BPA-Free” means the product is not made with the chemical bisphenol-A. However, Code 7 is a broad category. A #7 plastic item labeled “BPA-Free” may be made from a different plastic like Tritan™ copolyester, or it may be polycarbonate made with an alternative bisphenol (like BPS). If you prefer to avoid the entire category, choosing a product with a different resin code is a straightforward approach.
How can I tell if a baby toy is PVC?
Check for the recycling code—PVC will be marked with a 3. PVC toys, especially older or very soft, flexible bath toys, may also have a distinct “plastic” or vinyl smell. You can also check product descriptions or labels for “vinyl,” which is another name for PVC. When in doubt, contacting the manufacturer for material information is recommended.
Are plastic codes a guarantee of safety?
No. The resin identification code is not a safety certification. It only identifies the base plastic material. Safety is determined by how the plastic is formulated (what additives are used), its intended use, and its condition. For safety assurances, look for products that comply with U.S. safety standards and, when available, have relevant certifications documented by the maker.
Where can I learn more about general safe product choices?
Our Sustainable Parenting category covers a range of topics to help you make informed decisions. Always consult official sources like the CPSC for recalls and the AAP for health guidance.
References
- American Academy of Pediatrics (HealthyChildren.org): Guidance on avoiding certain plastics in food containers and children’s products.
- U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC.gov): Bans on phthalates in children’s toys and childcare articles; safe sleep guidelines.
- Manufacturer manuals and specification sheets: For proper use, care, and material specifications of products.
